PseudoBulbar Affect (PBA) is a condition that causes uncontrollable crying and/or
laughing that happens suddenly and frequently. It can happen in people with a
brain injury or certain neurologic conditions. A person having a PBA crying
spell may cry when they don’t feel sad or when they only feel a little bit sad.
Someone
having a PBA laughing spell may laugh when they don’t feel amused or when they
only feel a little bit amused. PBA episodes might be inappropriate: they
might not fit the situation or how the person is feeling. For example, a person
might laugh at a funeral or cry when a friend shares good news. PBA can often be
confused with depression. The two are separate conditions that should be
diagnosed and managed
separately.
PBA
interferes with relationships and employment in patients already grappling with
loss of control over their brains and bodies. The effects can range from
occasional to constant, from mild to crippling.
PBA's
not a new condition; it was noted as early as 1872, when naturalist Charles
Darwin wrote, "Certain
brain diseases, such as hemiplegia, brain-wasting, and senile decay, have a
special tendency to induce weeping."
In
the past, doctors have treated PBA with off-label prescriptions for
antidepressants or levodopa, which boosts levels of the neurotransmitter
dopamine. But these have a range of side effects and haven't been subjected to
large studies in PBA patients.
Today’s
first approved therapy for PBA, Nuedexta, is taken once daily for the first
seven days; and then twice daily. Avanir (the manufacturer) estimates the drug
will run $3,000 to $5,000 a year, or about $250 a month.
Avanir
is establishing a co-payment assistance program capping the maximum amount that
qualifying patients pay out-of-pocket. The
most common side effects reported in clinical trials were falling, dizziness,
headache, nausea and diarrhea. Over all, Nuedexta was safe, and reduced the
frequency and severity of PBA episodes.
“Do not pray for an easy life. Pray for the
strength to endure a difficult one” (Bruce Lee)[i]
[i] Sources used:
·
“Pseudobulbar Affect: When
You Can't Stop Laughing, or Crying” by Jane E. Allen
·
www.nuedexta.com
·
www.pbainfo.org/pba-tips
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