“Don’t Count the days. Make
the days count.” (Muhammad Ali)
Getting to the office early and leaving late possibly shows
one’s job dedication. A 4-day work week in the United
States is usually defined as a schedule where ten hours of work must occur during
the day. Then, in exchange for the two extra hours above the regular full-time
shift, the employee receives an extra day off each week. It creates a 4-on and
3-off schedule, allowing for a three-day weekend of a split schedule where you
may only need to work two consecutive days before receiving time off.
This
means there is no change to the number of hours the worker clocks each week, no
change to his salary, and no change to the number of employees needed by the
company to achieve optimum productivity. This approach to business is
increasing in popularity within some industries in the U.S. because of its
cost-reducing benefits.
During the
early days of the Great Depression, economic experts believed that we would
reach a point in time by 2030 when the average work schedule for an employee
would be only 15 hours per week. The idea of earning full-time income while
putting in a couple of days of work was an inviting a dream for people to think
about while they were struggling financially in the 1930s.
The Advantages of a 4 Day Work Week
A
4-day work week can lead to higher levels of innovation. When you either reduce the number of hours that people work
or give then an alternative 40-hour schedule, then you are encouraging them to
develop new time-saving methods. That helps each worker to begin looking for
new, better productivity procedures and best practices which continue the surge
in productivity. If you don’t account for salaries, a work-sharing program like
this can lead to a lower unemployment rate because there are open hours that
can be filled by another worker. There is also the option to have multiple
workers to fill a standard one-person slot.
Higher
levels of employee satisfaction occur with a shorter week. Even
if the employee transitions to a 4-day, 40-hour work schedule, there are higher
levels of satisfaction for the worker because they have more balance to their
lives. When you add in the lower stress levels that occur as well, more
happiness occurs with the professional relationship. When employees are happy,
then they engage better with their work.
Not only does
this result in higher levels of motivation and creativity, but it also improves
the quality of their work. This advantage can also lead to closer co-worker
relationships, add loyalty to the worker-employer connection, and help families
to establish roots in their communities through volunteerism because there is
more availability. Having three days off each week instead of two can be an
invigorating experience.
It
could reduce family expenses. If
companies were to compress their 40-hour schedule into one that covers 32 hours
without a change in pay, then families would see a reduction in their daycare
expenses. There would be more time to spend with their kids, attend school
events, or coach youth sports. When the United Kingdom looked at the reason
when people were not seeking a job even though they were at the prime labor
age, two million people said that childcare responsibilities were holding them
back.
Out of that
figure, 89% of the potential workers were women. Moving to a 4-day work week
would promote a higher level of workplace equality. They would have more
opportunities to balance their personal and professional needs. Even companies
can benefit because there would be more expertise available and shifts could
move to create all-week coverage for customers to enjoy.
It
helps the financial picture for families and organizations. When you are only going to work four days out of the week
instead of five, then that is one less day that you need to commute to work.
Workers get to avoid the extra expenses of getting into the office, adding a
little more to their salary. The environment gets a boost because there are
fewer vehicles on the road creating potential greenhouse gases. If you reduce
your availability by a day each week as an organization, then there is an immediate
reduction in your overhead costs. You can reduce your utilities and office
maintenance fees by up to 20% since you are shut down for an extra day. Your
electrical costs can experience an even greater reduction.
More
people feel like they can balance their lives with this schedule. For two months in 2018, an organization in New Zealand
conducted a formal experiment. The management firm decided that they would
reduce their work week from 40 hours to 32 hours for every employee without
reducing their salary. Then they brought on a pair of researchers to record the
results of the effort. 1 in 4 employees felt like they could successfully
balance their work and personal lives with the 4-day work week. Stress levels
decreased by almost 10%, while the overall work satisfaction rates rose by 5%
without a change in job performance.
Teams
become closer because of the 4-day work week. Because there is less stress in the workplace, teams tend to
work better together when they have a 4-day work week available. You have less
time to waste on disputes, which means the goals of everyone tend to stay
focused on the task that needs to be finished. That’s not to say that conflict
completely disappears in this environment, but there is a greater emphasis on
problem solving with this schedule than there is with the traditional 8/40 work
week that you can find in the United States.
There
are higher productivity levels with a 4-day work schedule. The productivity of workers during a compressed schedule
tends to increase because employees feel responsible for the work that needs to
be done from the lost day. This advantage is especially true for workers over
the age of 40, who have productivity peaks at 25-30 hours per week. That is why
some employers can reduce their work hours instead of forcing workers to go to
a 4-day, 40-hour schedule instead. There are fewer time-wasting opportunities
that occur in the workplace as well, which adds another level of production to
consider in some industries as well.
Time
usage is more efficient when working a 4-day work week. When there are fewer hours to fill at work, then there is
less time spent on inefficient tasks that may not lead to any professional
development. There are fewer meetings, social conversations, and other methods
of time wasting where production may not occur. Workers even take fewer breaks
or use their personal devices to be on social media or play games. Because
there is an extra day to enjoy off, the lower levels of stress allow people to
stay focused on each task they must complete.
The Disadvantages of a 4 Day Work Week
It
could reduce the amount of money that a worker earns. Amazon attempted to run a 4-day work week for selected
employees, but it also came with a 25% reduction of their regular salary
because 10 hours were cut from their schedule. Since that could affect their
benefits status or financial health, the plan was not as beneficial as the
company hoped it would be.
There were also
more schedule gaps and missed deadlines with this idea, which hurt the
company’s bottom line. Government offices in Utah had to switch back to a
standard schedule after just 3 years because the lack of availability was too
difficult on the public. Life doesn’t stop because a three-day weekend occurs
on a Monday or a Friday, so there is an expectation of a response from
customers. Companies that move to a full system of coverage lose the financial
benefit of shutting down for a while as well.
Some
businesses might suffer from the implementation of a 4-day work week. There are some businesses that operate in a space outside of
the standard working schedule, such as real estate professionals, who would
struggle to earn a living if they were forced to shift the number of hours that
they work each day. This issue could impact the freelancers. Some industries
benefit more when there are people in the office than they do when workers are
out in the field or at home.
Some
industries cannot participate in a 4-day work week. There are some industries which must maintain a 24-hour
presence in their community to ensure that they meet their quotas. This
disadvantage can make it impractical to establish a 4-day work week. Some jobs
just take time to complete, and there is nothing that can be done to change
that fact. When France moved to the shorter work schedules, they discovered
that workers were still putting in the same amount of time professionally each
week. The only difference was that their employer was now responsible for
paying the extra time as overtime wages. Although the overtime helps to give
the wages of a worker a boost without changing their overall schedule, that’s
another expense that the company must pay. If you have too many of your people
earning a mandated raise from a 4-day work week piece of legislation, then
there may not be enough funds available to stay in business.
The 4-day work week doesn’t help exempt employees in the
United States. If
you work in an exempt position, then there are no overtime hours for you to
enjoy. You’ll earn comp time for the extra hours that you’re on the job. If you
move to an alternative schedule, then there might be internal pressure to
respond to messages or call into a meeting as a way to stay ahead of the work.
Anyone who is a salaried employee will need to look at the alternative schedule
to see if it would adversely impact your team.
There
are risks to consider for the employer and employee. If you decide to move to a 40-hour work week that covers
four days instead of five, then the risks of financial harm and productivity
loss are minimal. This problem occurs when there is a desire to cut the number
of hours that each employee works from 40 to 32 each week. There is a costly
risk to consider because the employees involved in this transition might not be
able to meet their overall work requirements.
When Sweden
conducted a 24-month trial that cut 10 hours out of the standard work week for
an employee while continuing with a five-day structure, there were higher
levels of worker satisfaction – but lower productivity levels. That means the
structure was ultimately too costly to continue.
This
alternative schedule can provide child care difficulties. If you are working a 4-day, 10-hour schedule to put in a
40-hour full-time work week, then trying to find child care as a parent can be
exceptionally challenging. Many facilities do not offer help for the extra two
hours because the goal is to cover the standard school schedule in each
community. There might only be 1-2 providers that open at 6 AM and then stay
open until 8 PM to accommodate your shift in schedule. Although it does feel
like there is a higher level of work satisfaction and time to relax when you
work a four-day schedule, many workers who are putting in 10 hours per day see
a significant drop in their productivity levels at the end of each day.
“We only work four days a week. We only work three weeks out of the
month, and we get four months off for the summer. So there’s plenty of time for
me to spend with the kids.” (Patricia Heaton)[i]
[i] Sources used:
·
“14 Pros
and Cons of the 4 Day Work Week” By Natalie Regoli
·
“Advantages & Disadvantages of a 4-Day Work Week” By: Emily Watson
·
“Impacts of the 4-Day Work Week “by Norbert Erts